INDUSTRIAL MICROSCOPY - A BOOK DEALING WITH THE USE OF THE MICROSCOPE AND THE PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS FOR ALL WHO USE THE MICROSCOPE IN INDUSTRY BY WALTER GARNER, M. Sc., F. R. M. S. PREFACE THE main object of this book is to present in one volume an adequate number of those methods of microscopic technique of general interest to the technical chemist. Further chapters describe the type of material likely to be encountered, without, of course, attempting a comprehensive treatment The bibliography at the end of each chapter is intended to suggest the direction in which more detailed information may be obtained, and comprises the works which have been drawn upon in the writing of the following pages. Chapters VI, VII, VIII, and XI had their origin in a lecture to tire Society of Dyers and Colourists, and are reprinted from The Industrial Chemist, in which journal they appeared as a series of articles. I wish to thank the Editor of that Journal, and also Mr. S. Jackson in connection with part of Chapter XVI, for permission to make use of these articles. Although most of the illustrations have been specially prepared for this book, there remains a number of figures of apparatus for permission to use which I have to thank Messrs. Baird Tatlock, Ltd., Messrs. E. Leitz, Messrs. C. Baker, Ltd., Messrs. W. Watson Sons, Ltd., Messrs. R. and J. Beck, Ltd., and The Cambridge Instrument Co., Ltd. Some of the remaining figures are taken from publications by The Macmillan Company, Messrs. P. Blakistons Son Company, Messrs. Ilford, Ltd., and Messrs. Kodak, Ltd., and I am glad to acknowledge the kindness of these firms in giving me permission to make use of them. Further, Mr. G. Smith, M. Sc., and Mr.S. Jackson, have allowed me to reproduce certain micro photographs, whilst Miss M. Drucquer was good enough to draw three figures for me. As regards the text, The Williams and Wilkins Company, The Macmillan Company, and Messrs. Balliere, Tyndall Cox, very generously gave me permission to quote freely from certain books published by them. Acknowledgments are made in all cases in the proper place in the text. In the preparation of the manuscript, and in proof reading, I have vi PREFACE been materially helped by suggestions and criticisms from Dr. Buckell, Miss E. Barber, Prof. J. B. Cohen, Mr. Ellis Clayton, F. I. C, Mr. V. D. Freedland, Miss I. M. Gilbank, B. Sc., Mr. F. Garner, Mr. Tompkins, B. Sc., A. R. C. Sc., and Mr. W. G. Watson, B. A. I am very pleased to take this opportunity of acknowledging my indebtedness. W. GARNER BRADFORD CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE PREFACE V I. INTRODUCTORY …….. I II. MICROSCOPE TECHNIQUE …… 13 III. ACCESSORIES …….. 28 IV. MEASUREMENT, COUNTING, AND DRAWING . . 56 V. PHOTOMICROGRAPHY ……. 66 VI. MICROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE … . .83 VII INORGANIC MICROANALYSIS ….. IOQ VIII. ORGANIC MICROANALYSIS …… 140 IX. BOTANICAL TECHNIQUE … … l66 X. BOTANICAL STRUCTURES …… 200 XI. TEXTILE AND PAPER-MAKING FIBRES …. 222 XII. INSECTS 239 XIII. MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE … . . 2 4 XIV. BACTERIA …….. 284 XV. FUNGI ……… 307 XVI. WATER AND SEWAGE ……. 339 XVII. FORMULAE FOR REAGENTS …… 362 INDEX ……. . 379 INSET DIAGRAM SHOWING THE TOPOGRAPHY AND CHARACTER OF THE TISSUES EVOLVED FROM THE PRIMARY MERISTEMS BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF CAMBIAL ACTIVITY . . 206 . DIAGRAM SHOWING ADDITIONS TO THE PRIMARY TISSUES THROUGH THE ACTIVITY OFTHE CAMBIUM AND PHEL LOGEN ……… 206 INDUSTRIAL MICROSCOPY CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY THE choice of an instrument capable of fulfilling the many and varied requirements of the analyst is a very difficult matter under any circumstances…
