Frances Burney and the Female Bildungsroman: An Interpretation of the Wanderer, Or, Female Difficulties

Frances Burney’s last novel The Wanderer: or, Female Difficulties (1814) is a fascinating study of late-eighteenth-century English society. But is it a good novel, too? For years and years, critics have denied the book’s literary merit. Read as a Bildungsroman, however, the novel’s many puzzling complexities, seeming irregularities, and frequent didactic
asides suddenly fall into place. Far from being Burney’s least important work, The Wanderer is an intricate portrait of what it meant to be a humanist, a refugee, and a woman at the time of the French Revolution.