The application of technology and its integrations includes the scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or to the change and manipulation of the human environment.

Circa 3000 years BC many new technologies were developed; irrigation systems, road networks and wheeled vehicles, a pictographic form of writing and new building techniques.

The new ideas and techniques engendered official persecution, but by the mid-17th century the tide of opinion had changed.

By the late 17th century, technology essentially meant engineering.

During the 19th century science began to create new technologies. This continued into the 20th century with the introduction of computing, Internet, Artificial Intelligence and other services made possible only because of further advances in science.

In recent years Western aid has sought to develop appropriate technologies, using local materials and techniques, in partnership with the indigenous peoples.